Solar panel | Solar array serve as instruments that change sunlight into using photovoltaic cells. They serve as an eco-friendly and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a device that captures sunlight to convert heat, typically used for water heating or space heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate warmth, which can be used for hot water production, space warming, or electricity generation. It is a green and renewable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural traditions, famous sights, and lively cities like London. It boasts a mixed terrain of rolling hills, historic forts, and lively city hubs that mix history with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the organic illumination emitted by the sun, crucial for life on Earth as it offers power for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a kind of power resulting from the movement of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives countless appliances and systems, supporting today’s lifestyle and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the single-direction movement of electric charge, typically produced by battteries, power sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a instrument that stores chemical energy and changes it into electric power to run various digital equipment. It comprises one or more electrochemical cells, each comprising positive and negative electrodes interposed by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly power solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into AC suitable for domestic use and utility connection. It is essential for maximizing energy efficiency and providing safe, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips polarity cyclically, typically used in residential and industrial power supplies. It allows for optimal transmission of electricity over long distances and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that regulates the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and harm. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a tool used to measure the extent, amount, or level of something accurately. It includes instruments like meters, thermometers, and manometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement during the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are massive installations that harness sunlight to create electricity using many solar panels. They provide a renewable and eco-friendly energy resource, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lowering pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves placing photovoltaic cells on building rooftops to produce electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated photovoltaic system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an orbiting platform equipped with solar panels that gather solar radiation and convert it into electricity. This power is then sent wirelessly to Earth for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems save excess power generated from renewable sources or the grid for later use, improving energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These installations commonly employ batteries to provide backup energy, lower energy expenses, and assist grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar cells documents the progress and advancements in solar energy technology from the beginning finding of the photovoltaic effect to current advanced solar panels. It features key innovations, including the creation of the first silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous developments that have greatly boosted energy conversion and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist renowned for his innovative work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescence. His tests laid the groundwork for grasping how light interacts with specific materials to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrical engineer and researcher known for finding out the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an US inventor who created the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work set the groundwork for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce steam that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work paved the way for modern solar power technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned research and development organization historically associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the origin of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and number 14, well known for its essential role in the fabrication of electronic devices and solar cells. It is a hard, brittle solid substance with a bluish-gray metallic luster, predominantly employed as a semiconductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little component installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method increases system effectiveness, enables enhanced performance oversight, and increases energy production in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a unit that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the solar energy process. It is often used in photovoltaic systems to provide a sustainable and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that provides renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a fundamental particle which represents a unit of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum and energy without possessing rest mass. It has a key role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the phenomenon by which particular compounds transform sunlight directly into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the basic principle behind photovoltaic technology, enabling the harnessing of solar solar power for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microprocessors are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic devices due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its regular, orderly crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances just several micrometers in thickness to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as occupants, furnishings, and weather conditions. Both are critical considerations in structural design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components in a line, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the identical voltage source, permitting multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy is the rate at which electricity is conveyed by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. It is generated through multiple sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a measure of power in the SI system, representing the rate of energy movement or transformation. It is equivalent to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points, which causes the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and shows the power per individual charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of voltage, voltage difference, and electromotive force in the SI system. It measures the electric energy per coulomb between points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the flow of electric charge through a conductor, commonly measured in A. It is necessary for powering electronic equipment and facilitating the operation of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere represents the standard of electrical current in the SI units, represented by A. It quantifies the flow of electric charge through a wire over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the design and size of power systems to ensure reliable and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical housing used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and trustworthy manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a simple and uniform method of supplying electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is commonly used for powering and feeding a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that changes DC from supplies like cells or solar panels into AC suitable for home devices. It permits the operation of regular electrical equipment in environments where only DC energy is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack functions as a collection of numerous individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically adjust the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun movement throughout the 24 hours, optimizing energy absorption. This technology improves the efficiency of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring best solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the power generation of solar panel setups by regularly modifying the performance point to match the peak power point of the photovoltaic modules. This process guarantees the best performance energy extraction, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually tailored optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that monitors and analyzes the efficiency of solar panel systems in instantaneous, delivering valuable data on energy generation and system status. It aids enhance solar power output by spotting problems promptly and securing maximum output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are flexible, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are typically used in solar arrays to power homes, appliances, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of many small silicon crystal structures, typically used in photovoltaic panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to form a high-purity, polycrystalline form suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a ultra-pure variant of silicon with a continuous crystal arrangement, making it very effective for use in solar panels and electronic components. Its homogeneous formation allows for improved electron flow, resulting in higher functionality compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a kind of thin film solar system that presents a cost-effective and effective option for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are known as their excellent absorption capability and relatively affordable manufacturing costs compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are thin-film photovoltaic cells that use a layered material of Cu, In, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into energy efficiently. They are noted for their excellent absorption effectiveness, flexibility, and capability for compact, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a amorphous atomic structure, making it easier to handle and more straightforward to layer than ordered silicon. It is commonly used in thin-film solar cells and electronic systems due to its cost-effectiveness and adaptable characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic cells aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar cells are cutting-edge photovoltaic modules that employ various p-n connections layered together to capture a broader spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. These are primarily employed in space missions and high-performance solar power systems due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are vital components that generate sunlight into electrical energy to power onboard systems. Generally lightweight, robust, and crafted to function effectively in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of several elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor known for its excellent electron mobility and effectiveness in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use focusing elements or reflectors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is ideal for large capacity solar power plants in regions with direct sunlight, delivering a economical approach for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for superior performance and flexibility. They offer a portable, cost-effective alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in multiple technological fields. These layers are vital in electronic systems, optical systems, and coatings for their unique physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a eco-friendly and cost-effective energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a stratum of substance covering fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in depth, often coated on surfaces for purposeful functions. These layers are used in multiple sectors, including electronics, light manipulation, and healthcare, to modify surface characteristics or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are units of measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Measuring tools are high-precision devices used to exactly measure tiny gaps or widths, generally in manufacturing and manufacturing. They feature a scaled screw mechanism that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a fine, disk-shaped segment of silicon crystal used as the platform for producing semiconductor devices. It functions as the foundational material in the production of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are flexible photovoltaic devices recognized for their high efficiency and flexibility, perfect for multiple fields. They employ a stratified semiconductor architecture that turns sunlight immediately into power with remarkable efficiency in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is noted for being affordable and having a comparatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert solar energy directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, supplying a renewable energy source for home, commercial, and utility-scale applications. They offer a environmentally friendly, sustainable, and affordable way to reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that turns sunlight into electrical energy using a photosensitive dye to take in light and produce electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for transparent and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the potential for cost-effective, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are solar cells that employ carbon-based compounds, to transform sun's energy into electric power. They are easy to handle, flexible, and provide cost-effective, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising electronic compound used in thin-film solar panels due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its excellent optical-electronic properties make it an desirable substitute for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as rooftops, outer walls, and windows. This innovative approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency allows light to scatter through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves the process of applying a transparent film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building windows to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It improves privacy, increases energy efficiency, and gives a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of PV power stations information various massive solar energy facilities around the globe, demonstrating their power and sites. These stations play a vital role in sustainable energy production and global efforts to lower carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are large-scale facilities that turn sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They are crucial in sustainable power creation, cutting dependence on coal and oil, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of challenges such as waste, climatic shifts, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from natural sources that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, wind, and hydropower. It offers a renewable option to fossil fuels, decreasing ecological footprint and enhancing long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over millions of years and are exhausted when used. They are the main power sources for power production and mobility but pose environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy types such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process generally happens in power stations where turbines and generators work together to produce electric current for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, toxic elements such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness assesses how effectively a solar panel converts sunlight into usable electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential for increasing renewable energy production and cutting reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This event provided critical proof for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves exposing products to elevated stresses to rapidly assess their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar energy systems has sped up rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological progress and reducing prices. This expansion is changing the global energy landscape by boosting the portion of renewable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants intended to generate electricity on a business scale, providing power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover extensive areas and utilize solar panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through device that bending light to focus or spread out rays, creating images. It is commonly used in devices like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a delicate film applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and increase light flow. It boosts the crispness and brightness of screens by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in such a way that their amplitudes counteract each other, causing a diminution or full disappearance of the resultant wave. This occurrence usually happens when the waves are not in phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC is a type of electrical flow that periodically reverses, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes in a sinusoidal pattern throughout its cycle, permitting efficient transmission over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a miniature component used to convert DC from a individual solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It enhances system efficiency by maximizing energy production at the module level and eases setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC electrical energy, is electrical power delivered through a system where the potential difference and electric flow regularly reverse polarity, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in households and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a type of electrical connector used to supply direct current (DC) power from a power supply to an electronic device. It generally consists of a cylindrical plug and socket that provide a reliable and dependable connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a worldwide safety approval agency that tests and certifies products to guarantee they meet certain protection standards. It helps consumers and firms recognize trustworthy and protected products through strict assessment and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electrical networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this configuration, the same electric current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This arrangement allows devices to operate autonomously, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode acts as a electronic device that permits current to flow in one direction exclusively, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12V, intended to provide electrical power for different devices and add-ons within a automobile. It permits users to recharge electronic gadgets or operate small devices while on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for linking devices to PCs, allowing data transfer and power delivery. It backs a variety of peripherals such as input devices, mouses, external drives, and cell phones, with different versions providing increased speeds and improved performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into generated energy. Boosting this efficiency plays a key role in increasing energy output and making solar power more cost-effective and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance developments in solar, wind, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic waves, ranging from radio signals to gamma rays, all possessing varied lengths and power. This range is crucial to many technologies and natural phenomena, enabling signal transmission, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the sun. It serves a key role in such as vitamin D production but can also lead to skin harm and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color scheme based on variations of a sole hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and unity. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and grace by maintaining steady color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per sq meter. It is a important parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to measure the strength of radiation or power received or emitted over a defined area, commonly in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with comprehending the distribution and conveyance of energy across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of different hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is frequently used to describe the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial body of air with relatively consistent thermal and humidity properties, coming from from certain starting zones. These air masses impact climate trends and atmospheric situations as they pass through various areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the quantification of the energy per square meter received from the Sun in the type of light. It changes with solar cycles and Earth's atmospheric conditions, affecting global climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar energy refers to the buildup of dust, and other particles on the exterior of solar arrays, which reduces their output. Regular cleaning and maintenance are important to limit energy loss and guarantee maximum operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the highest electrical current that travels through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the maximum power capacity of a solar array under optimal sunlight conditions. It reflects the module's peak capacity to create electricity in standard testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electronic device used to measure the voltage between separate points in a electrical system. It is commonly used in numerous electrical and electronic setups to maintain proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in solar modules where increased voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion movement within the solar cell materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a semi metallic chemical element essential for plant development and applied in multiple industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has special chemical properties that make it useful in producing robust, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a robust and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant collects sunlight using large arrays of photovoltaic modules to produce renewable electricity. It provides an environmentally friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated approach of utilizing land for both solar power production and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This method boosts crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar energy devices capable of capturing sunlight on both sides, enhancing overall energy output. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo effect and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a structure that provides shelter while generating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a group of numerous photovoltaic modules configured to create electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to produce renewable, eco-friendly power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a framework that offers shade and protection from the conditions for exterior areas. It enhances the practicality and aesthetic appeal of a courtyard, making it a pleasant area for rest and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of objects in the heavens relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference heading, typically true north, to the line linking an observer to a point of interest. It is commonly used in navigation, mapping, and astronomy to specify the bearing of an target with respect to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential bodily injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor substance widely used in thin film solar cells due to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits excellent optical properties, making it a common choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are key in driving solar energy integration and innovation across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of power equal to 1,000,000,000 watt, used to assess large-scale power generation generation and utilization. It is generally associated with generating stations, national grids, and major power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a worldwide leader in solar PV energy solutions, expert in producing thin film-based solar cells that offer excellent efficiency and low-cost power output. The company is committed to eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through advanced solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in seamlessly connecting various parts of factory and automation systems to enhance performance and trustworthiness. It focuses on developing advanced solutions that enable seamless communication and compatibility among different tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a prominent Chinese-based company focused on producing and developing photovoltaic solar items and systems. Famous for cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to one billion watts, often utilized to indicate the potential of massive electricity production or usage. It underscores the immense energy scale involved in modern energy infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost reduces as overall production grows, due to learning and efficiencies obtained over time. This effect highlights the significance of learned skills in reducing costs and improving productivity in industrial processes and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics convert sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This system is a environmentally friendly, sustainable energy source that aids cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of generating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or less than the cost of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that green energy sources are financially competitive with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to homes and businesses through a grid of power lines, delivering a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the country, and is delivered through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all elements of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is crucial for guaranteeing the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is absorbed from the sun's rays using solar cells to produce electricity or through thermal solar systems to generate heat. It represents a renewable, sustainable, and planet-friendly power supply that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in home, commercial, and manufacturing settings to create clean, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, providing renewable energy solutions where traditional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar energy products features a selection of devices that utilize sunlight to produce energy, promoting environmentally friendly and renewable living. These items include covering solar power banks and lights to home equipment and outdoor gear, delivering multi-purpose solutions for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a installation that generates sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a renewable energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use optical lenses or mirrors focusing solar radiation onto advanced solar cells, significantly increasing energy capture using a smaller area. This approach works well where direct, strong sunlight plus, it offers a promising approach to cut solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |