Solar panel | Photovoltaic module serve as instruments that change sunlight into electricity using solar cells. These are an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy source, minimizing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a apparatus that absorbs sunlight to convert heat, usually used for water heating or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating systems, space heating, or electricity generation. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural heritage, iconic landmarks, and lively cities like London. It boasts a diverse terrain of rolling hills, old castles, and bustling urban centers that combine heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the environmental light emitted by the star, essential for existence on Earth as it offers fuel for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a form of power resulting from the motion of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers numerous systems and networks, supporting modern life and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a reversed electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge, typically produced by batteries, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a consistent voltage or current, making it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a instrument that stores chemical energy and changes it into electrical energy to operate various electronic gadgets. It consists of several electrochemical cells, each comprising electrode pairs divided by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into power using photovoltaic panels made of solar cells. It is an green energy option that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and promotes renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a device that converts DC created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for domestic use and grid integration. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy performance and ensuring reliable, reliable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that changes polarity cyclically, typically used in residential and commercial power supplies. It enables efficient transmission of electricity over extended spans and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that controls the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and harm. It ensures optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a instrument used to measure the size, quantity, or degree of something accurately. It includes instruments like scales, climate gauges, and manometers that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a device that instantaneously its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge plants that harness sunlight to create electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They provide a renewable and sustainable energy source, cutting down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves placing photovoltaic panels on building rooftops to create electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-connected photovoltaic system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an artificial satellite equipped with solar panels that collect sunlight and generate power. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to our planet for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems save excess electricity generated from green sources or the power grid for subsequent consumption, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These systems commonly employ batteries to provide backup energy, cut down energy expenses, and support grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of photovoltaic cells chronicles the advancement and improvements in solar power technology from the early finding of the photovoltaic effect to modern high-performance photovoltaic modules. It features major breakthroughs, including the invention of the first silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous advances that have greatly improved power transformation and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist famous for his innovative work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescent phenomena. His research laid the groundwork for grasping how light interacts with specific media to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrical engineer and scientist known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the development of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an American innovator who invented the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work set the foundation for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor. His work paved the way for modern solar power technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a famous innovative organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the source of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, famous for its essential role in the fabrication of electronics and solar panels. It is a solid, brittle crystal material with a blue-grey shine, primarily used as a electronic component in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a small unit installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This technology increases system effectiveness, enables better performance monitoring, and increases energy production in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a device that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is often used in photovoltaic systems to supply a renewable and eco-friendly energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that provides renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon is a elementary particle which represents a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without possessing rest mass. It has a important role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the process by which certain materials convert sunlight immediately into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the core principle behind solar panel systems, allowing the capturing of solar energy for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a fine slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microchips are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic systems due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its organized, orderly crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a reduced expense. They use layers of semiconductor materials just several micrometers in thickness to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and fixed equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as users, furnishings, and weather conditions. Both are critical considerations in structural design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components in a line, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the identical voltage source, permitting multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current allocation, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification represents the velocity at which electric power is transferred by an electrical network, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Produced through various sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and fundamental for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a measure of energy conversion in the International System of Units, showing the measure of energy transfer or conversion. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic pressure difference between two points, which pushes the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in V and indicates the work per individual charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of electric potential, potential difference, and EMF in the SI system. It measures the potential energy per charge unit between two points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the movement of electrical charge through a conductor wire, typically measured in amps. It is essential for energizing electronic gadgets and enabling the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp serves as the measure of electrical current in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the flow of electric charge through a circuit over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the level of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the design and capacity of power systems to guarantee safe and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical enclosure used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and trustworthy manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a easy and uniform method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is commonly used for powering and energizing a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a unit that converts direct current (DC) from sources like batteries or solar arrays into AC suitable for household appliances. It allows the application of regular electrical equipment in environments where only DC power is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack functions as a collection of numerous individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically regulate the angle of solar modules to track the sun movement throughout the day, optimizing power intake. This innovation improves the performance of solar energy collection by ensuring best solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to maximize the power output of solar energy systems by constantly tuning the performance point to match the maximum power point of the solar cells. This process guarantees the highest efficiency energy extraction, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually tailored optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a tool that monitors and evaluates the effectiveness of solar panel systems in instantaneous, delivering valuable data on power output and system health. It aids maximize solar power generation by detecting problems ahead of time and securing maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are lightweight, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a sustainable energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to power homes, electronic gadgets, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of countless tiny silicon lattice structures, typically used in solar panels and microchip production. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to generate a ultra-pure, polycrystalline type fit for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a ultra-pure type of silicon with a uniform lattice framework, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronics. Its uniform framework allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in superior functionality compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a kind of thin film solar system that offers a cost-effective and effective solution for massive solar energy generation. They are recognized for their great absorption efficiency and comparatively reduced manufacturing expenses versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible solar cells that employ a multi-layered material of Cu, indium, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into electricity effectively. They are noted for their high absorption effectiveness, flexibility, and potential for portable, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a amorphous molecular arrangement, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than structured silicon. It is commonly used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic components due to its cost-effectiveness and adaptable features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic modules aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are innovative photovoltaic devices that utilize various p-n connections layered in tandem to absorb a broader range of the solar spectrum, greatly increasing their efficiency. These are mostly used in space missions and advanced solar power installations due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are essential devices that convert sunlight into electricity to power onboard equipment. They are typically lightweight, long-lasting, and designed to operate efficiently in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metal, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor known for its high electron mobility and effectiveness in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use lenses or reflectors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy conversion efficiency. This technology is suitable for large capacity solar power plants in regions with sunny sunlight, offering a affordable option for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and flexible form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CuInGaSe2 as the photovoltaic material, known for excellent energy conversion and bendability. They offer a lightweight, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with reliable operation in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film describes a delicate layer of material, often measured in nm or μm, used in diverse technological applications. These coatings are crucial in electronic devices, light manipulation, and coatings for their unique physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a layer of compound spanning a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in thickness, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in various industries, including electronics industry, optics, and medical applications, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to describe extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision measuring instruments used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or depths, commonly in manufacturing and production. They feature a adjusted screw device that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a slender, round slice of silicon crystal used as the substrate for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It functions as the basic material in the fabrication of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices famous for their high efficiency and bendability, making them suitable for multiple fields. They utilize a multilayer layered semiconductor setup that transforms sunlight directly into power with remarkable performance in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is recognized for being cost-effective and having a moderately high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert solar energy directly into electricity using PV cells, providing a green energy source for home, industrial, and grid applications. They deliver a eco-friendly, sustainable, and affordable way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that converts sunlight into electrical energy using a light-sensitive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for transparent and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, bendable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are solar cells that use carbon-based molecules, to turn sun's energy into electricity. They are compact, bendable, and offer the potential for more affordable, large-area solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising electronic compound used in layer solar modules due to its abundant and harmless elements. Its excellent optoelectronic properties make it an attractive substitute for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of architectural elements, such as roof surfaces, outer walls, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances power savings while maintaining design elegance and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves the process of applying a light film to the inside or outside of cars or structures glazing to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It improves privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of solar power stations information various extensive solar energy facilities around the world, demonstrating their output and sites. These facilities play a vital role in sustainable energy generation and global efforts to reduce carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are extensive installations that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar modules. They are essential in renewable energy generation, reducing reliance on coal and oil, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of problems such as pollution, climatic shifts, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote sustainable practices and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as sunlight, wind, and water. It offers a renewable alternative to non-renewable energy sources, minimizing environmental harm and enhancing long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, crude oil, and methane, are limited reserves formed over geological eras and are exhausted when used. They are the chief energy sources for electricity generation and transportation but pose environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and green energy into electrical energy. This process generally happens in power plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electricity for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as Pb, Hg, Cd, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance measures how efficiently a solar panel transforms sunlight into usable energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for maximizing renewable energy production and cutting reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This phenomenon provided critical proof for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves subjecting products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of photovoltaics has sped up rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological advancements and cost reductions. This expansion is revolutionizing the international energy scene by increasing the percentage of sustainable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities designed to generate electricity on a commercial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover large areas and utilize PV modules or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through device that bending light to focus or diverge rays, forming images. It is often used in instruments like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a thin layer applied to lens surfaces to reduce glare and enhance light passage. It enhances the crispness and brightness of optical devices by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that their amplitudes negate each other, resulting in a reduction or total eradication of the resultant wave. This phenomenon generally happens when the waves are not in phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC refers to an electric current that changes polarity, typically used in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies sinusoidally throughout its cycle, enabling efficient transmission over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A individual inverter is a tiny entity used to transform direct current (DC) from a individual solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It enhances system efficiency by enhancing energy production at the panel level and eases setup and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or alternating current power, is electrical power delivered through a system where the voltage and electric flow cyclically reverse direction, enabling optimized transmission over extended ranges. It is commonly used in residences and commercial sectors to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a type of electrical coupling used to deliver direct current (DC) power from a power supply to an electronic device. It generally consists of a round plug and receptacle that ensure a firm and dependable attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a international safety certification agency that tests and approves products to guarantee they comply with certain protection standards. It supports consumers and companies recognize trustworthy and safe products through rigorous evaluation and analysis processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electrical networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this setup, the identical current passes through all elements, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple channels for current flow. This setup allows devices to operate independently, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode serves as a semiconductor device that permits current to move in a single direction only, functioning as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12V, created to provide electrical energy for various devices and add-ons within a car. It allows users to power electronic devices or run small electronics during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting hardware to computers, facilitating data transmission and power supply. It backs a broad spectrum of devices such as keyboards, mice, external drives, and smartphones, with different versions offering faster speeds and enhanced performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into generated energy. Enhancing this efficiency plays a key role in optimizing energy generation and making solar power affordable and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It is committed to advancing developments in solar, wind, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, extending from radio waves to high-energy photons, all possessing different lengths and energies. This band is crucial to a wide array of devices and natural events, enabling signal transmission, healthcare imaging, and comprehension of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the solar radiation. It has a crucial role in including vitamin D production but can also result in skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color scheme based on variations of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create balance and accord. This layout approach emphasizes minimalism and elegance by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, generally measured in watts/m². It is a crucial parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the intensity of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to quantify the magnitude of power or power received or emitted over a particular surface, commonly in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in comprehending the spread and conveyance of radiation across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of diverse colors or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is frequently used to describe the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a substantial volume of air's with relatively uniform thermal and dampness features, coming from from specific origin regions. These airmass affect climate trends and sky conditions as they travel over diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the measure of the intensity per square meter received from the solar source in the type of light. It varies with solar activity and atmospheric factors on Earth, impacting weather patterns and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in photovoltaic systems refers to the buildup of dirt, and foreign matter on the surface of solar panels, which decreases their performance. Regular cleaning and care are essential to limit energy loss and ensure optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage available from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the maximum electrical current that travels through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, going around the normal load. It presents a significant safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a measure of the maximum power output of a solar array under ideal sunlight conditions. It shows the panel's peak ability to create electricity in standard testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an measuring tool used to determine the voltage between two points in a electronic circuit. It is commonly used in different electrical and electronic fields to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in solar modules where increased voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion migration within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a semi metallic element crucial for plant growth and employed in various industrial uses, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits unique chemical properties that make it valuable in manufacturing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using extensive groups of photovoltaic modules to generate renewable electricity. It provides an eco-friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined approach of using land for both solar energy generation and agriculture, maximizing space and resources. This strategy enhances crop production while simultaneously generating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are photovoltaic devices able to absorb sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, enhancing overall energy production. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo reflection and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a structure that provides shade while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a collection of several solar panels designed to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to deliver clean, sustainable power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio shield is a structure that offers shade and shelter from the weather for exterior areas. It enhances the usability and visual charm of a terrace, making it a comfortable space for rest and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of celestial entities in the sky relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference heading, usually true north, to the line between an observer to a point of interest. It is commonly used in navigation, land measurement, and astrophysics to define the orientation of an celestial body relative to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic substance commonly employed in thin film solar cells due to its excellent performance and affordability. It exhibits outstanding optical features, making it a popular option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies showcases the leading manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are essential in driving solar energy adoption and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of power equal to one billion W, used to quantify massive power generation output and usage. It is commonly associated with generating stations, electricity networks, and significant energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in solar PV energy solutions, expert in manufacturing thin-film solar modules that provide excellent efficiency and economical power generation. The organization is dedicated to eco-friendly energy development and decreasing the world dependency on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in effortlessly linking various parts of industrial and automated systems to enhance productivity and trustworthiness. It concentrates on building cutting-edge solutions that enable efficient communication and cooperation among diverse technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a leading China's company expert in the manufacturing and development of solar-powered photovoltaic goods and services. It is known for cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often utilized to describe the capacity of massive electricity generation or usage. It highlights the immense power magnitude involved in modern power framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the concept where the unit cost drops as total output rises, due to learning and improvements obtained over time. This concept highlights the significance of stored knowledge in lowering costs and boosting output in industrial processes and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics convert sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, renewable energy source that assists cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of creating solar or wind energy is equal to or lower than the expense of buying power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity means that green energy technologies are financially comparable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a network of power lines, offering a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the nation, and is supplied through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all parts of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is essential for securing the optimum and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is harnessed from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to generate electricity or through solar thermal systems to provide warmth. It represents a green, renewable, and environmentally friendly source of power that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in residential, business, and manufacturing environments to create clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, providing green energy solutions where conventional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar-powered goods features a variety of devices that utilize sunlight to produce energy, encouraging eco-friendly and eco-conscious living. These solutions include covering solar power banks and lights to household devices and outdoor gear, providing versatile options for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a installation that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels. It is a renewable energy source that helps reduce reliance on non-renewable energy and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses and mirrors focusing sunlight on advanced photovoltaic cells, significantly boosting energy capture using less space. This technology works well in areas with bright, direct sunlight and offers a promising approach to cut the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |