Solar panel | Photovoltaic module act as devices that change sunlight into using PV cells. They serve as an environmentally friendly and alternative energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a device that absorbs sunlight to convert heat, typically used for hot water production or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating systems, indoor heating, or electricity generation. It is a green and renewable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the United Kingdom known for its wealthy cultural traditions, notable attractions, and lively urban areas like London. It boasts a mixed scenery of rolling hills, historic forts, and lively city hubs that mix history with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the natural illumination emitted by the sun, crucial for existence on Earth as it supplies energy for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a type of energy generated by the movement of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives countless devices and infrastructures, enabling contemporary living and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a opposite electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the one-way stream of electric charge, generally produced by battteries, electrical sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, causing it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a instrument that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into current to run various digital equipment. It includes several galvanic cells, each comprising anode and cathode separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels made of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a instrument that changes DC produced by solar panels into AC suitable for household use and utility connection. It plays a crucial role in optimizing energy use and guaranteeing reliable, reliable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses direction regularly, usually used in domestic and industrial power supplies. It enables effective transmission of electricity over extended spans and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that regulates the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It provides optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a device used to determine the dimension, volume, or degree of something accurately. It includes gadgets like meters, temperature sensors, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement across the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are large-scale plants that capture sunlight to create electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They provide a sustainable and sustainable energy resource, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels and decreasing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves setting up photovoltaic panels on building roofs to create electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps cut down on reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar power system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar arrays that collect sunlight and convert it into electricity. This power is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems store excess power generated from renewable sources or the power grid for later use, enhancing energy independence and effectiveness. These solutions commonly employ batteries to offer backup power, lower energy costs, and support grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar cells documents the advancement and advancements in solar energy tech from the beginning finding of the photovoltaic effect to current high-efficiency solar panels. It highlights major breakthroughs, including the development of the first silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and persistent innovations that have greatly improved energy transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic physicist by profession famous for his innovative work in the study of the solar effect and luminescent phenomena. His experiments laid the groundwork for comprehending how illumination interacts with particular materials to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrical engineer and researcher known for discovering the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His research formed the basis for the development of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source framework used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an United States innovator who created the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work set the basis for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work paved the way for modern photovoltaic technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a renowned research and development organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the birthplace of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and number 14, widely known for its essential role in the manufacturing of electronic devices and solar modules. It is a hard, fragile crystal material with a steel-gray shine, mainly utilized as a semi-conductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a compact component installed on each solar panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method improves system effectiveness, enables better performance oversight, and increases power output in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar cell is a device that turns sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is often used in photovoltaic systems to offer a renewable and renewable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that delivers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon acts as a basic particle representing a packet of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It has a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the process by which particular compounds transform sunlight directly into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the fundamental foundation behind solar cell technology, enabling the harnessing of solar sunlight for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a thin slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the base for creating integrated circuits. It serves as the foundational platform where microchips are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic devices due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its structured, orderly crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances just several micrometers in thickness to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and permanent equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as people, furniture, and weather conditions. Both are critical considerations in building planning to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components in a line, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components between the identical voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's overall resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy is the rate at which electric power is conveyed by an electrical circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and fundamental for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a unit of power in the metric system, showing the speed of energy transfer or transformation. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric voltage difference between two points, which drives the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the energy per unit charge accessible to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the derived unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and voltage in the SI system. It measures the potential energy per coulomb between locations in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the movement of electrical charge through a conductor wire, typically measured in amps. It is essential for supplying electronic gadgets and allowing the operation of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere serves as the standard of electric flow in the SI units, represented by A. It quantifies the movement of electrical charge through a circuit over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the amount of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the design and power of power systems to ensure secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical enclosure used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a secure and trustworthy manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a simple and standardized method of delivering electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is frequently used for powering and supplying a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power inverter is a instrument that converts DC from supplies like cells or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It enables the application of standard electrical devices in environments where only direct current electricity is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack functions as a collection of numerous individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the position of solar panels to monitor the solar trajectory throughout the 24 hours, enhancing power intake. This innovation increases the effectiveness of solar power gathering by maintaining best panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to optimize the power output of photovoltaic systems by continuously adjusting the working point to align with the optimal power point of the solar panels. This methodology guarantees the highest efficiency energy extraction, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually tailored enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a tool that tracks and evaluates the performance of solar power systems in instantaneous, providing useful data on energy generation and system health. It helps optimize solar energy output by detecting issues early and guaranteeing optimal output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are lightweight, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are commonly used in photovoltaic modules to supply energy to homes, electronic gadgets, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of numerous small silicon crystal structures, commonly used in solar modules and chip fabrication. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and recrystallizing silicon to create a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure suitable for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a premium variant of silicon with a continuous lattice framework, making it extremely capable for use in solar panels and electronics. Its uniform formation allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in better functionality compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics constitute a kind of thin-film solar method that provides a economical and high-performance option for large-scale solar energy generation. They are their high absorption performance and comparatively reduced manufacturing expenses versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are thin-film solar devices that utilize a layered compound of copper, indium, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into energy efficiently. They are recognized for their great absorption effectiveness, flexibility, and capability for lightweight, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a amorphous atomic configuration, making it more adaptable and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is frequently used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic systems due to its economic advantage and versatile characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic panels aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar cells are innovative photovoltaic modules that employ multiple p-n connections arranged in unison to collect a broader range of the solar spectrum, substantially enhancing their efficiency. They are mostly employed in space applications and high-performance solar power installations due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays serve as crucial elements that generate solar radiation into electric power to supply onboard instrumentation. Generally lightweight, long-lasting, and crafted to function effectively in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic element, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and efficiency in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ focusing elements or reflectors to focus sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This technique is suitable for large capacity solar power plants in areas with clear sunlight, providing a economical solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and pliant form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a thin film of CuInGaSe2 as the photovoltaic material, known for excellent energy conversion and flexibility. They offer a lightweight, budget-friendly alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a slender layer of material, often measured in nm or μm, used in diverse technological applications. These layers are important in electronic devices, optical systems, and films for their unique physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a renewable and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a sheet of compound covering a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in thickness, often coated on surfaces for purposeful functions. These layers are used in various industries, including electronics, optics, and medicine, to alter surface properties or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are units of measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to illustrate very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are precision measuring instruments used to exactly measure tiny gaps or thicknesses, typically in manufacturing and manufacturing. They feature a scaled screw mechanism that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a thin, disk-shaped section of silicon crystal used as the substrate for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It acts as the basic material in the manufacture of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are compact solar units recognized for their superior output and bendability, ideal for various uses. They use a layered semiconductor structure that converts sunlight straight into electrical energy with excellent efficiency in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a kind of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is recognized for being cost-effective and having a relatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sunlight directly into energy using solar panels, supplying a renewable energy source for home, commercial, and grid applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, renewable, and economical way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that transforms sunlight into electrical energy using a light-sensitive dye to capture light and produce electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and versatile alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This technology offers the potential for cost-effective, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are solar cells that employ carbon-based compounds, to convert solar radiation into electricity. They are lightweight, bendable, and offer the potential for lower-cost, broad solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a advantageous semiconductor substance used in layer solar cells due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its excellent optoelectronic properties make it an attractive option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of construction components, such as roofing, outer walls, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances power savings while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with little distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency permits light to scatter through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves the process of applying a transparent film to the inside or outside of cars or structures panes to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It improves privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and provides a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of solar power stations details various massive solar energy plants around the planet, highlighting their capacities and locations. These stations play a vital role in sustainable energy generation and international efforts to reduce carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are extensive systems that turn sunlight straight into electricity using solar modules. They play a vital role in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on coal and oil, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, climate change, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably sourced, such as solar radiation, wind, and water. It offers a eco-friendly option to non-renewable energy sources, decreasing ecological footprint and enhancing sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as lignite, oil, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over extensive periods and are exhausted when used. They are the primary energy sources for electricity generation and mobility but pose environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy types such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and sustainable resources into electricity. This process generally happens in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electricity for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as lead, Hg, Cd, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness measures how well a solar cell converts sunlight into usable electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for maximizing renewable energy output and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided critical proof for the development of quantum theory by showing that light energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves placing products to higher-than-normal stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar energy systems has sped up rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological progress and reducing prices. This development is changing the international energy scene by increasing the share of sustainable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power plants intended to generate electricity on a commercial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover large areas and utilize solar panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a see-through device that bends light to focus or separate rays, forming images. It is commonly used in instruments like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to control light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to vision surfaces to minimize reflections and improve light transmission. It boosts the clarity and brightness of lenses by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in such a way that their wave heights negate each other, causing a decrease or total eradication of the resultant wave. This event generally happens when the waves are not in phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, typically used in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates sinusoidally over time, allowing effective conveyance over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A compact inverter is a compact entity used to change direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into AC suitable for household use. It enhances system efficiency by enhancing energy production at the module level and eases installation and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC electrical energy, is electricity delivered through a network where the voltage level and electric current regularly reverse orientation, enabling efficient transmission over extended ranges. It is generally used in homes and industries to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a category of electrical connector used to provide DC energy from a power source to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a cylindrical plug and receptacle that ensure a secure and consistent attachment for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a global security validation body that evaluates and certifies products to confirm they comply with certain safety norms. It assists consumers and firms identify trustworthy and safe products through strict assessment and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this arrangement, the same electric current passes through all components, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple paths for current flow. This arrangement allows devices to operate independently, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode is a electronic device that permits current to move in one sense only, acting as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12V, created to supply electrical power for various devices and add-ons inside of a vehicle. It permits users to charge electronic gadgets or operate small electronics when on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for linking hardware to PCs, enabling information exchange and power supply. It accommodates a variety of peripherals such as keyboards, mice, external storage devices, and cell phones, with multiple versions offering higher speeds and enhanced performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into generated energy. Enhancing this efficiency plays a key role in maximizing energy output and making solar power economical and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It is committed to advancing innovations in solar power, wind, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic waves, spanning from radio signals to high-energy photons, all possessing varied wavelengths and power. This spectrum is crucial to many technologies and natural phenomena, enabling communication, diagnostic imaging, and insight into the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the sun. It has a key role in including vitamin D production but can also result in skin injury and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color design based on variations of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and accord. This composition approach emphasizes clarity and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per sq meter. It is a important parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the strength of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to quantify the magnitude of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a defined area, often in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with comprehending the spread and movement of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of different hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is often used to depict the distribution of light or signal frequencies in various scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a big volume of air's with comparatively consistent temperature and dampness characteristics, deriving from from specific origin regions. These air masses influence climate trends and sky states as they move across diverse regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the assessment of the energy per square kilometer received from the Sun in the form of light. It changes with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, affecting climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar power refers to the collection of dust, and impurities on the panels of photovoltaic modules, which reduces their output. Consistent upkeep and servicing are necessary to reduce energy decrease and guarantee best operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage available from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the peak electrical current that flows through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, going around the normal load. It presents a significant safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the highest power generation of a solar panel under optimal sunlight conditions. It reflects the array's peak capacity to generate electricity in conventional testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an measuring tool used to check the electrical potential between two points in a circuit. It is frequently utilized in different electrical and electronic fields to ensure proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in photovoltaic modules where elevated voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion migration within the solar cell materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a semi-metal chemical element essential for plant development and used in multiple industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses distinctive chemical traits that make it useful in creating durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a robust and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant captures sunlight using extensive arrays of photovoltaic panels to create renewable electricity. It provides an eco-friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of using land for both solar power production and cultivation, making the most of space and resources. This approach boosts crop production while concurrently producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar panels capable of capturing sunlight on both sides, enhancing overall energy output. They are commonly positioned in a way that improves effectiveness by utilizing albedo effect and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a installation that provides shade while creating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a collection of several solar modules arranged to generate electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in renewable energy systems to deliver environmentally friendly, eco-friendly power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that offers shade and shelter from the conditions for exterior areas. It improves the functionality and look of a patio, making it a pleasant space for relaxation and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference heading, usually true north, to the line between an surveyor to a destination. It is commonly used in wayfinding, mapping, and astronomy to define the direction of an celestial body in relation to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential muscle strains pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic material widely used in thin-film solar panels due to its high efficiency and affordability. It exhibits excellent optical characteristics, making it a preferred choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies highlights the top manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are key in driving solar energy integration and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a unit of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, used to quantify large-scale electricity output and usage. It is commonly associated with power plants, electricity networks, and large-scale energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a global leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, specializing in making thin film solar cells that provide high-performance and affordable energy production. The organization is dedicated to eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and cutting down the world dependency on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in smoothly integrating various elements of factory and automated systems to enhance productivity and reliability. It concentrates on creating innovative solutions that facilitate smooth communication and compatibility among different technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a leading Chinese corporation specializing in manufacturing and innovating solar-powered photovoltaic goods and services. Renowned for state-of-the-art tech and green energy projects within renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often employed to indicate the ability of massive electricity generation or usage. It highlights the vast power scale involved in current energy infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the unit cost drops as overall production increases, due to learning curve and efficiencies achieved over time. This effect highlights the importance of learned skills in lowering costs and boosting output in manufacturing and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This method is a pure, sustainable energy source that aids lessen reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of producing solar or wind energy is the same as or less than the cost of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity means that green energy technologies are financially comparable with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the main electrical power supplied to houses and companies through a system of power lines, offering a dependable source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the nation, and is delivered through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all elements of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is crucial for securing the efficient and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is captured from the sun's rays using solar cells to generate electricity or through thermal solar systems to provide warmth. It represents a green, renewable, and eco-conscious energy source that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in domestic, business, and manufacturing settings to produce green, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, providing renewable energy solutions where traditional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar-powered products features a selection of gadgets that harness sunlight to convert energy, supporting green and sustainable living. These items include ranging from solar chargers and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, delivering versatile alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar power plant is a plant that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a green energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use optical lenses or reflectors focusing solar radiation on highly efficient photovoltaic cells, greatly boosting energy capture using less space. This technology is particularly effective in areas with direct, strong sunlight and provides an innovative way to cut solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |